Sunday, December 29, 2019

Mexican Revolution The Battle of Zacatecas

The Battle of Zacatecas was one of the key engagements of the Mexican Revolution. After he had removed Francisco Madero from power and ordered his execution, General Victoriano Huerta had seized the presidency. His grasp on power was weak, however, because the rest of the major players — Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, Alvaro Obregà ³n and Venustiano Carranza — were allied against him. Huerta commanded the relatively well-trained and equipped federal army, however, and if he could isolate his enemies he could crush them one by one. In June of 1914, he sent a massive force to hold the town of Zacatecas from the relentless advance of Pancho Villa and his legendary Division of the North, which was probably the most formidable army of those arrayed against him. Villas decisive victory at Zacatecas devastated the federal army and marked the beginning of the end for Huerta. Prelude President Huerta was fighting rebels on several fronts, the most serious of which was the north, where Pancho Villas Division of the North was routing federal forces wherever they found them. Huerta ordered General Luà ­s Medina Barrà ³n, one of his better tacticians, to reinforce the federal forces at the strategically located city of Zacatecas. The old mining town was home to a railway junction which, if captured, could allow the rebels to use the railway to bring their forces to Mexico City. Meanwhile, the rebels were quarreling amongst themselves. Venustiano Carranza, self-proclaimed First Chief of the Revolution, was resentful of Villas success and popularity. When the route to Zacatecas was open, Carranza ordered Villa instead to Coahuila, which he quickly subdued. Meanwhile, Carranza sent General Panfilo Natera to take Zacatecas. Natera failed miserably, and Carranza was caught in a bind. The only force capable of taking Zacatecas was Villas famed Division of the North, but Carranza was reluctant to give Villa another victory as well as control over the route into Mexico City. Carranza stalled, and eventually, Villa decided to take the city anyway: he was sick of taking orders from Carranza at any rate. Preparations The Federal Army was dug in at Zacatecas. Estimates of the size of the federal force range from 7,000 to 15,000, but most place it at around 12,000. There are two hills overlooking Zacatecas: El Bufo and El Grillo and Medina Barrà ³n had placed many of his best men on them. The withering fire from these two hills had doomed Nateras attack, and Medina Barrà ³n was confident that the same strategy would work against Villa. There was also a line of defense between the two hills. The federal forces awaiting Villa were veterans of previous campaigns as well as some northerners loyal to Pascual Orozco, who had fought alongside Villa against the forces of Porfirio Dà ­az in the early days of the Revolution. Smaller hills, including Loreto and el Sierpe, were also fortified. Villa moved the Division of the North, which had more than 20,000 soldiers, up to the outskirts of Zacatecas. Villa had Felipe Angeles, his best general and one of the superior tacticians in Mexican history, with him for the battle. They conferred and decided to set up Villas artillery to shell the hills as a prelude to the attack. The Division of the North had acquired formidable artillery from dealers in the United States. For this battle, Villa decided, he would leave his famous cavalry in reserve. The Battle Begins After two days of skirmishing, Villas artillerymen began bombarding the El Bufo Sierpe, Loreto and El Grillo hills at about 10 a.m. on June 23, 1914. Villa and Angeles sent elite infantry to capture La Bufa and El Grillo. On El Grillo, the artillery was battering the hill so badly that the defenders could not see the approaching shock forces, and it fell around 1 p.m. La Bufa did not fall so easily: the fact that General Medina Barrà ³n himself led the soldiers there no doubt stiffened their resistance. Still, once El Grillo had fallen, the morale of the federal troops plummeted. They had thought their position in Zacatecas to be unassailable and their easy victory against Natera had reinforced that impression. Rout  and Massacre Late in the afternoon, La Bufa also fell and Medina Barrà ³n retreated his surviving troops into the city. When La Bufa was taken, the federal forces cracked. Knowing that Villa would definitely execute all officers, and probably most enlisted men as well, the federals panicked. Officers ripped off their uniforms even as they tried to fight off Villas infantry, who had entered the city. Combat in the streets was fierce and brutal, and the blistering heat made it all the worse. A federal colonel detonated the arsenal, killing himself along with dozens of rebel soldiers and destroying a city block. This infuriated the  Villista  forces on the two hills, who began raining gunfire down into the town. As federal forces began fleeing Zacatecas, Villa unleashed his cavalry, which slaughtered them as they ran. Medina Barrà ³n ordered a full retreat to the neighboring town of Guadalupe, which was on the road to Aguascalientes. Villa and Angeles had anticipated this, however, and the federals were shocked to find their way blocked by 7,000 fresh Villista troops. There, the massacre began in earnest, as the rebel troops decimated the hapless  Federales. Survivors reported hills flowing with blood and piles of corpses alongside the road. Aftermath Surviving federal forces were rounded up. Officers were summarily executed and enlisted men were given a choice: join Villa or die. The city was pillaged and only the arrival of General Angeles around nightfall put an end to the rampage. The federal body count is difficult to determine: officially it was 6,000 but is definitely much higher. Of the 12,000 troops in Zacatecas before the attack, only around 300 straggled into Aguascalientes. Among them was General Luà ­s Medina Barrà ³n, who continued to fight Carranza even after the fall of Huerta, joining with Fà ©lix Dà ­az. He went on to serve as a diplomat after the war and died in 1937, one of the few Revolutionary War Generals to live into old age. The sheer volume of dead bodies in and around Zacatecas was too much for normal gravedigging: they were piled up and burned, but not before typhus had broken out and killed off many of the struggling wounded. Historical Significance The crushing defeat at Zacatecas was a death blow for Huerta. As word of the utter annihilation of one of the largest federal armies in the field spread, common soldiers deserted and officers began to switch sides, hoping to stay alive. The previously intransigent Huerta sent representatives to a meeting in Niagara Falls, New York, hoping to negotiate a treaty that would allow him to save some face. However, at the meeting, which was sponsored by Chile,  Argentina, and Brazil, it soon became evident that Huertas enemies had no intention of letting him off the hook. Huerta resigned on July 15 and went into exile in Spain shortly thereafter. The battle of Zacatecas is also important because it marks the official break of Carranza and Villa. Their disagreements before the battle confirmed what many had always suspected: Mexico was not big enough for the two of them. Direct hostilities would have to wait until Huerta was gone, but after  Zacatecas, it was evident that a Carranza-Villa showdown was inevitable.​

Saturday, December 21, 2019

The Long Term Development Of Technology - 885 Words

Section 3 The long-term development of SNSs depends on the latest technologies. These technologies are Big Data and Cloud Computing. According to Gartner (2013), Big Data is massive, high rate of growth and diversified information assets, which only use new processing modes to make it better decision-making, insight and process optimization ability (Kyle, 2014). These new processing mode are Cloud Computing (Kyle, 2014). Cloud is Storage Cloud, which is often used to extend the capabilities of storage-limited devices and provided transparent access to data from anywhere (Kyle, 2014). Social Storage Cloud is the integration of Social Network and Cloud Storage (Kyle, 2014). Social Storage Clouds are very widely used in SNSs and most common instances are using Cloud platforms to create scalable applications on the social network (Kyle, 2014). For example, Facebook users can build scalable Cloud based applications hosted by Amazon Web Services (Kyle, 2014). Additionally, the massive user information is commercial wealth for SNSs. After being computed in the Storage Cloud, this information could be extracted to useful commercial preferences, which are valuable resources for sales companies (Kyle, 2014). SNSs mixed with these new technologies are not only the tool for socializing, but also synthesis with information storage and commercial value. Thus, SNSs experiencing evolution are highly possible to be here in a long future time. Section 4 However, there are alsoShow MoreRelatedTechnological Innovation And Firm Survival978 Words   |  4 Pagestechnological innovation and firm survival in the long term? Is there a instrument companies use to keep relevant with aging products in the market? Is there a way to react to disruptive innovations effectively? When is innovation too slow or too fast? 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Friday, December 13, 2019

A report on two options for David Mackenzie Co Free Essays

David Mackenzie’s case is that of a typical entrepreneur started and family run business that experiences success and outgrows its existing set-up. Hitherto, Mackenzie thrived on one-off contracts and other local businesses, and his two other companies ran more or less the way it did before he acquired them. All three diverse companies have done financially well, but problems arise when David Mackenzie tries to integrate the operations of these three diverse companies to secure a wider range of orders. We will write a custom essay sample on A report on two options for David Mackenzie Co or any similar topic only for you Order Now The problems relate to the diverse structures and problem of co-ordination among between, hindering the implementation of projects in a smooth and seamless manner. The options mulled by David Mackenzie is first, float a group of companies in the stock exchange, and second merge the three companies into one company. Both these options have their advantages and disadvantages. Advantages and disadvantages of floating the companies in the stock exchange The major advantage of floating the Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange, which entails converting the hitherto private limited company into a public limited company (plc), is the ability to raise funds and capital through the sale of securities. The company would be able to sell their shares in the market, and secure large loans easily. Although Mackenzie does not have cash-flow problems at present, it might need infusion of finance as it expands and secures more large overseas orders. Mackenzie could purchase Clyde Electric Ltd only because the company lacked sufficient capital to sustain its growth, and there is every chance that the situation can repeat itself. Mackenzie does not seem to have huge cash reserves to finance possible expansions through internal accruals. Another advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is infusion of professional corporate governance that Mackenzie group of companies hitherto lacked. Most of Mackenzie’s existing orders were possibly on the basis on personal efforts and one-off relationships, and highly centralized on the David Mackenzie. As the company grows and secures more international and large orders such a structure would not only fail to appeal to large institutional clients, but also fail to sustain the enhanced requirements such as professional decision-making, autonomy, responsibility and the likes. In the present set up all operations would most likely come to a standstill and the company might even fold up in David Mackenzie is not able to involve himself in the active running of the company for a length of time for any reason. A listed company becomes an independent entity and the board of directors would run the company even in the absence of the Managing Director. An added advantage of listing the company in the stock exchange is better visibility for the company, which in turn might lead to more orders. An increase in share prices would also add to the wealth of the shareholders, which would include David Mackenzie. Floating the David Mackenzie group of companies in the stock exchange has its set of disadvantages also. In the present set up, Mackenzie is under no obligation to disclose financial information. A public listed company would have to publish its financial statements on a regular basis, and this can lure in competition to Mackenzie’s lucrative market. The need to disclose financial records and other compliance policies requires certified public accountants, and entails a lot of bureaucratic paperwork. The time, money and effort spend on such activities could be better spend on marketing and operations if the company is not made public. Share values tend to reflect the current financial gains, and most public listed companies thereby tend to take decisions that lead to short-term gains even at the cost of long-term interests. The Mackenzie group of companies may also fall into this trap once it goes public. In the initial stages of floating a public listed company, David Mackenzie is likely to retain a huge majority of shares. As the requirement for cash to fund expansions and large scale operations increases, he might be tempted to sell more of his shares in the open market. This raises the possibility of a hostile takeover, or another party who has purchased a large number of shares from interfering and trying to influence the operations and decision making of the company. The advantages and disadvantages of merging the three companies into a single entity The second option before David Mackenzie is to merge the three companies into one single entity. The main advantage of such a merger is removing duplication in works and efforts. At present, each of the three companies has their own marketing, human resource and finance departments, and the administrative functions and expenses duplicate. A merger could avoid such duplications and not only result in significant savings, but also increase efficiency and better coordination. A single marketing department that takes care of the three units, for instance means that the complaints regarding customers having to contact two or three separate marketing departments for a single project would cease. The marketing department would be able to tap into clients in a more effective manner, without duplicating efforts and providing a wider range of service and commitments. An integrated accounts department would likewise solve the issue of duplicate or missing invoices, and lead to better financial control and analysis of profitability of each project. The merger would likely result in the retrenchment of some redundant staff, but this also gives an opportunity to cut down on low-performers, and redeploy performers in a better manner. Another major advantage of mergers is the ability of these three companies to pool in their resources in the form of client database, office space, infrastructure and the like, all of which would facilitate growth. Mergers however come with their own disadvantages. Although there would be savings on fixed costs, a merged monolith is likely to have a higher per unit operational cost compared to the per unit operating cost of three separate entities. This will not be a cause for concern when times are good and there are plenty of orders, but when economic times go bad and orders diminish, this will have a negative effect and the higher unit cost could make the organization uncompetitive. The merger would also make it difficult to hive off a unit if, in future the unit becomes non-profitable and cuts into the profitability of the entire organization. Three different entities ensure that failure, mismanagement or shortcomings of one unit would not have a significant impact on the other two units. Merger will ensure that activities of one unit would have a significant on the other two units. The administrative act of effecting a merger is relatively easy. The main challenge in the case of the Mackenzie group of companies would relate to integrating the three diverse companies, with three different modes of operations and internal systems. Another challenge is ensuing integration and co-ordinations of the operations of the three diverse units. While a merger would reduce duplication, unless the operational activities re-orient towards the three different sub-units of the new company working towards a common goal, the redundancies and delays in commissioning are likely to persist. How to cite A report on two options for David Mackenzie Co, Papers

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Respiratory System Mechanics Worksheet Essay Example For Students

Respiratory System Mechanics Worksheet Essay Exercise 7: Respiratory System Mechanics Worksheet Assignment Due: Week 7 Student instructions: Follow the step-by-step instructions for this exercise found in your text and record your answers in the spaces below. Submit this completed document by the assignment due date found in the Syllabus. Please make sure that your answers are typed in RED. Respiratory Volumes Activity 2: Measuring Normal Respiratory Volumes 1. Minute respiratory volume: 7,500 ml 2. Judging from the trace you generated, inspiration took place over how many seconds? 2 seconds 3. Expiration took place over how many seconds? seconds 4. Does the duration of inspiration or expiration vary during ERV or FVC? Yes Activity 3: Effect of Restricted Air Flow on Respiratory Volumes 1. How does this set of data compare to the data you recorded for Activity 2? The MRV is 3075 and the breathing is not as strong. 2. Is the respiratory system functioning better or worse than it did in the previous activity? It is worse. Explain why. The breathing is more shallow and incomplete. The lungs are not able to inhale or exhale as much as in Activity 2 3. What is the effect of reducing the radius of the air flow tube on respiratory volumes? We will write a custom essay on Respiratory System Mechanics Worksheet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The air flow was decreasing, which decreased the respiratory volume. 4. What does the air flow tube simulate in the human body? The trachea 5. What could be some possible causes of reduction in air flow to the lungs? An allergic reaction could cause the trachea to swell which would restrict air flow or an obstruction could block some or the entire trachea causing the air flow to decrease as well. Factors Affecting Respiration Activity 4: Effect of Surfactant on Respiratory Volumes 1. When surfactant is added, what happens to the tidal volume? It increases the amount of air being inhaled 2. As a result of the tidal volume change, what happens to the flow into each lung and total air flow? The air flow increases into the lungs and the total air flow increases 3. Why does this happen? Surfactant allows the wet surface of the alveoli to expand and not stick together. Activity 5: Effect of Thoracic Cavity Puncture 1. What happened to the left lung when you clicked on the valve button? It collapsed and lost the ability to fill with air 2. Why? Because it is no longer has one way in and one way out. The opened valve does not allow air to enter and stay in the lung to become oxygenated. . What has happened to the â€Å"Total Flow† rate? It decreased 4. What is the pressure in the left lung? 0 5. Has the pressure in the right lung been affected? No 6. If there was nothing separating the left lung from the right lung, what would have happened when you opened the valve for the left lung? It would also collapse Why? There would be nothing separating them so they would act a s one lung. If the valve opened, it would have the same affect on both as what happened to the left lung when the valve was opened. 7. Now click the valve for the left lung again, closing it. What happens? It stays collapsed. Why? The lungs valve was only closed, but the lung itself was not repaired. 8. Describe the relationship required between intrathoracic pressure and atmospheric pressure in order to draw air into the lungs. The intrathoracic pressure has to be the opposite of the atmospheric pressure in order to cause the air to be pulled into the lungs. 9. Design your own experiment for testing the effect of opening the valve of the right lung. Was there any difference from the effect of opening the valve of the left lung? No Variations in Breathing Activity 6: Rapid Breathing . What happens to the PCO2 level during rapid breathing? It decreased 2. Why? The breathing became quick and very shallow so the amount of oxygen being inhaled was less. Activity 7: Rebreathing 1. What happens to the PCO2 level during rebreathing? 2. Why? The breathing became deeper and more oxygen was inhaled with each breath. 3. Did the total flow change? Yes it increased 4. Why? More oxygen was being tak en in with each breath 5. How does the rebreathing trace compare to your baseline trace? The inhales and exhales become deeper and the get deeper with each breath 6. Why? .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 , .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .postImageUrl , .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 , .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:hover , .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:visited , .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:active { border:0!important; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:active , .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45 .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue48f3e068d9b21ffb7e334a28c91ba45:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henrik Ibsen Essay ThesisRebreathing happens to try and reoxygenate the body to a normal level and to bring the heart beat back to a normal level. Activity 8: Breath Holding 1. What happens to the PCO2 level during breath holding? It increases 2. Why? All the oxygen from the breath is being held in and nothing is being expelled. 3. What change was seen when you returned to â€Å"Normal Breathing†? The breathing resembled rebreathing and the PCO2 level increased even more. Activity 9: Comparative Spirometry Normal Breathing: What do you think is the clinical importance of the FVC and FEV1 values? It measures the strength and health of the lungs 1. Why do you think the ratio of these two values is important to the clinician when diagnosing respiratory diseases? To see if a person is equal in the FVC and FEV1, depending on this could give a better insight on determining the problem. Emphysema Breathing: 2. Is the FVC reduced or increased? Decreased 3. Is the FEV1 reduced or increased? Decreased 4. Which of these two changed more? FEV1 5. Explain the physiological reasons for the lung volumes and capacities that changed in the spirogram for this condition. The amount of air being pulled into the lungs was decreased and the amount of air the lungs could hold was decreased. Acute Asthma Attack Breathing: 6. Is the FVC reduced or increased? Increased 7. Is the FEV1 reduced or increased? Decreased 8. Which of these two changed more? FVC 9. Explain the physiological reasons for the lung volumes and capacities that changed in the spirogram for this condition. The air flow is being blocked so the volume of air going into the lungs is a lot less. 10. How is this condition similar to having emphysema? Both conditions restrict the airway. How is it different? In asthma, the windpipes gets blocked my mucus, in emphysema, the alveoli in the lungs get clogged by mucus. 11. Emphysema and asthma are called obstructive lung diseases as they limit expiratory flow and volume. How would a spirogram look for someone with a restrictive lung disease, such as pulmonary fibrosis? It would look similar as the volume of the lungs would decrease but the breaths would not be quick, only shallow. 12. What volumes and capacities would change in this case, and would these values be increased or decreased? FVC,FEV,TLC, IRV would decrease, IRV increase 13. In an acute asthma attack, the compliance of the lung is decreased, not increased as it was for emphysema, and air flows freely through the bronchioles. Therefore, will the FEV1/FVC percentage be less than normal, equal to normal, or higher than normal? Less than normal Acute Asthma Attack Breathing with Inhaler Medication Applied: 14. Has the FVC reduced or increased? Is it â€Å"normal? Increased 15. Has the FEV1 reduced or increased? Is it â€Å"normal†? Increased 16. Which of these two changed more? FEV1 17. Explain the physiological reasons for the lung volumes and capacities that changed in the spirogram with the application of the medication. The medication allows the airways to open up more so that more oxygen can enter the lungs and the amount of oxygen the lungs can hold also increases.